An eye exam that
tests distance vision only is NOT an adequate evaluation of a
child's visual development. The visual skills listed above
contribute significantly to a child's success with reading and
school achievement.
Acuity-Distance: visual acuity (sharpness,
clearness) at 20 feet distance.
Acuity-Near: visual acuity for short distance
(specifically, reading distance).
Focusing Skills: the ability of the eyes to maintain
clear vision at varying distances.
Eye Tracking and Fixation Skills: the ability of the
eyes to look at and accurately follow an object; this includes
the ability to move the eyes across a sheet of paper while
reading, etc.
Binocular fusion: the ability to use both eyes
together at the same time.
Stereopis: binocular depth perception.
Convergence and Eye Teaming Skills: the ability of
the eyes to aim, move and work as a coordinated team.
Hyperopia: a refractive condition that makes it
difficult to focus, especially at near viewing distances.
Color Vision: the ability to differentiate
colors.
Reversal Frequency: confusing letters or words (b,
d; p, q: saw, was; etc.)
Visual Memory: the ability to store and retrieve
visual information.
Visual Form Discrimination: the ability to determine
if two shapes, colors, sizes, positions, or distances are the
same or different.
Visual Motor Integration: the ability to combine
visual input with other sensory input (hand and body
movements, balance, hearing, etc.); the ability to transform
images from a vertical to a horizontal plane (such as from the
blackboard to the desk surface).
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